Overview: Why This Matters for Families
When families consider relocating to another country, one of the most important questions is: How does the school system work—and is it right for my child?
This article compares the education systems in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom—focusing on grade structures, national exams, university entry, and long-term outcomes.
Please refer to more related articles on my website:
- Top Public Schools in Toronto: What Parents and Homebuyers Need to Know
- Best Toronto Neighbourhoods For Small Kids
- How Long Does it Take to Move to Canada?
The Canadian School System
In Canada, education is provincially regulated, meaning policies vary across provinces. However, the national structure is generally consistent:
- Kindergarten: Age 4–5
- Elementary School: Grades 1–6 (ages 6–12)
- Middle School: Grades 7–9 (ages 12–15)
- High School: Grades 10–12 (ages 15–18)
In Quebec, high school ends at Grade 11, followed by a two-year CEGEP program before university. Canadian schools operate on a September–June calendar with breaks in December and spring.
Post-secondary:
Most degrees take 3–4 years. Tuition is more affordable than in the U.S., and Canada offers post-graduate work permits for international students.
The British School System
In the U.K., formal education begins at age 4. The system includes key national exams and an early focus on specialization.
- Primary Education: Age 4–11
- Secondary Education:
- GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education): Taken at age 16
- A-Levels: Taken between 16–18, focused on 3–4 subjects
A-Levels are critical for university admission. Unlike the broader U.S. system, British students specialize early and complete university in three years.
Note: Scotland has its own curriculum and assessment structure.
The U.S. School System
The American education system is divided into three levels:
- Elementary School: Kindergarten to Grade 5 (age 5–11)
- Middle School: Grades 6–8 (age 11–14)
- High School: Grades 9–12 (age 14–18)
Students are graded using a GPA (Grade Point Average) rather than standardized national exams. For university entry, students may take the SAT or ACT and can opt for Advanced Placement (AP) courses.
Post-secondary:
Degrees typically take four years. Tuition is significantly higher, especially at private institutions. The U.S. offers fewer immigration-friendly work options after graduation compared to Canada or the U.K.
How Do Tuition and Degree Length Compare?
| Country | Degree Length | Domestic Tuition (avg) | International Tuition (avg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | 3–4 years | $7,000–11,000 CAD/year | $35,000+ CAD/year |
| U.K. | 3 years | £9,000–9,500/year | £10,000–35,000+/year |
| U.S. | 4 years | $20,000–60,000 USD/year | $20,000–60,000+ USD/year |
Which System Is Best for Your Family?
Each system offers distinct advantages:
- Canada offers balance, affordability, and strong pathways to permanent residency.
- The U.K. provides early academic focus and fast-tracked degrees.
- The U.S. emphasizes flexibility and holistic admissions but at a higher cost.
The right choice depends on your family’s priorities—academic goals, budget, immigration plans, and cultural preferences.
Need Help Choosing the Right Neighbourhood and School?
If you’re planning a move to Toronto or considering private vs. public education options, I can help you find the right school district—and the right home to match.
Contact me at Olena@AgentOlena.com or call 647.294.3039 for a personalized consultation.
